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Power Factor: Power factor is defined as the cosine of the angle between voltage and current. Power factor is the measure of how effectively the incoming power is used from total/apparent power in an electrical system. A high power factor indicates that the power supplied to the electrical system is effectively used.  A system with low power factor doesn’t effectively consume the incoming electric supply and results in losses. There is no power factor involved in DC circuits due to zero frequency. But, in AC circuits, the value of power factor always lies between 0 and 1. Cause of Low Power Factor: Some causes of low power factor are  a) The presence of harmonic current in the system reduces power factor.  b) Improper wiring leads to three-phase imbalance causing low power factor.  c) When the system is loaded lightly, the voltage increases, increasing the magnetization current demand of the machine. This causes a poor power factor in the system.  d) The current...

Power factor is the Ratio of Active power(P) to Apparent power(S). Mathematically, Cos(phi) = P / S But, S = P + jQ Where, P = Active power =VI Cos(phi) And Q = Reactive power= VI sin(phi)  or, Cos(phi) = VICos(Phi) / VI  Power factor = Cos(phi) Simply,we can define; Power factor means the utilisation of useful power from total power. Best way to understand power factor: In Series connection, Let's take phasor diagram of RL series circuit, From above phasor diagram;we can define, Power factor describes the direction of resultant current with respect to resultant voltage.   --In case of Leading power factor, Resultant current will lead from resultant Voltage. --In case of lagging power factor, Resultant current will lag from Resultant Voltage. Cos(phi) = VR / V = I.R / V  = (I/V) * R Cos(phi) = {(Resultant current / Resultant Voltage)}* R Cos(phi) = VR / V = I*R / I*Z = R/Z    In parallel connection, Let's take phasor diagram of RL parallel circuit, From abo...